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International Journal of Science and Engineering (IJSE)

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

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Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

The scope of journal covers all area in the application on chemical, physical, mathematical, biological, agricultural, corrossion, and computer science to solve the engineering problems.

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Articles 16 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 2 (2015)" : 16 Documents clear

Heat and mass transfer effects on an unsteady mhd flow of a rotating fluid past a vertical porous plate G Murali; E.M. Reddy; Narepalepu Venkata N. B
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 8, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

An attempt is made to investigate the heat and mass transfer effects on an unsteady free convection flow of a rotating, incompressible, viscous Boussinesq fluid in presence of first order chemical reaction. The governing dimensionless equations for this investigation are solved numerically by a finite element method. A parametric study illustrating the influence of different flow parameters on velocity, concentration and temperature are investigated. Also the Skin – friction, Nusselt number and Schmidt number are shown through tabular forms. Numerical results are presented for various parameters.

The Impact of Land Use on Hydrological Characteristics in Kaligarang Watershed Susilo Budiyanto; S.D. Tarigan; N. Sinukaban; K. Murtilaksono
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 8, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The increasing number of population in Kaligarang watershed will cause population pressure that will have a direct impact on land-use change and in turn will have an impact on watershed hydrological characteristics. Watershed management planning as an integral part of land-use and conservation based development is very important and need to be applied. The aims of this research were to analyze land-use changes in Kaligarang watershed, and the impact of land-use changes on watershed hydrological characteristics in Kaligarang. The results of this research showed that in Kaligarang watershed, there was a decrease in forest area of 2.28% and rice field of 13.96%, an increase in resident area of 2.14%, dry land farming of 5.82% and mixed dry land farming of 10.03%. The decreasing forest area caused an increase in runoff coefficien (CRO= 147.5 – 7.06F), an increase in average daily maximum discharge (Qmax(cms) = 79.33 – 4.23 F) and a decrease in baseflow (BF (cms) = -1.65 + 0.36 F)

The Sex Pheromone Content of The Spodoptera Exigua (Hubner) Under Artificial and Natural Diets Kadis Mujiono; Witjaksono Witjaksono; Nugroho Susetya Putra
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 8, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The control of the Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) through sex pheromones is feasible by mass trapping, mating disruption, and population monitoring. Both synthetic sex pheromones and virgin females were used on the mass trapping and population monitoring methods as attractant source. The virgin females must be available through the mass rearing without affected on its pheromone content production. Therefore, a study on the response of the female’s pheromone which reared by artificial and natural diets was important to be done. The GCMS analysis result had shown that female’s pheromone glands extract which had reareded by natural diets contained tetradecan-1-ol (0.23%) pheromone compounds and several other compounds, such as hexadecane (14.31%), heptadecane (0.42%), nonadecane (1.09%), and beta-caryophyllene (1.37%). Meanwhile, only tridecanol (3.39%), hexadecane (8.52%), nonadecane (0,23%), and trans-caryophyllene (3.11%) compounds had been found on the artificial ones. The cross-copulation test showed that both types of moths could do mating. The field trapping test showed that both extracts were attractive to males

STUDY ADSORPTION DESORPTION OF MANGANESE(II) USING IMPREGNATED CHITIN-CELLULOSE AS ADSORBENT Aldes Lesbani; Ema Veronika Turnip; Risfidian Mohadi; Nurlisa Hidayati
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 8, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Abstract- Study adsorption desorption of manganese(II) using impregnated chitin-cellulose as adsorbent has been carried out. Chitin was extracted from snail shell and cellulose isolated from rice straw. Chitin and cellulose were impregnated using thiourea as impregnant agent. Characterization of chitin and cellulose was performed using FTIR spectroscopy, determination of water content, and ash content, while impregnated chitin-cellulose was characterized using FTIR spectrophotometer and X-Ray diffractometer. The adsorption of Mn(II) on impregnated chitin-cellulose was studied through determination of adsorption time and the influence of Mn(II) concentration, while desorption was carried out sequentially using various reagents. The results shown that chitin and cellulose from extraction processes are has similar FTIR spectrum compared to chitin and cellulose standard. The FTIR spectrum of impregnated chitin-cellulose shows both vibration of chitin and cellulose appeared and indicated successfully impregnate. These results were also equal to XRD pattern analysis. The water and ash contents of chitin are 0.038% and 0.043 while for cellulose are 0.184% and 0.165%, respectively. The adsorption of Mn(II) on chitin and cellulose are quite similar kinetically, while adsorption of Mn(II) on impregnated chitin-cellulose is higher at the same time with chitin and cellulose. In the low concentration of Mn(II), adsorption phenomena are similar on chitin, cellulose, and impregnated chitin-cellulose. Desorption process of Mn(II) on the adsorbents shows sodium etilenediamine tetra acetate able to desorp Mn(II) up to 68% higher than other reagents. Keywords: Manganese(II), Chitin, Cellulose, Impregnated Chitin-Cellulose

ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL CHANGE DURING STORAGE OF OVERRIPE TEMPEH POWDER AS SEASONING MATERIAL Tia Raisha Hassanein; Elisabeth Kartika Prabawati; Maria Dewi Puspitasari Tirtaningtyas Gunawan-Puteri
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 8, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Tempeh and other soy-derived products are historically and currently some of the most important foods in the Asian region where diets remain predominantly plant-based. Overripe tempeh (tempe semangit) is a term used for over-fermented tempeh with pungent odor and darkening appearance commonly used in Javanese cuisine. Unique taste and odor of overripe tempeh lead to the exploration of its potencies as condiment, which may add the nutritional, safety and economic values of tempeh. In this research, overripe tempeh is made into powder for better appearance and availability. Oven drying at 60oC and freeze drying were applied to the overripe tempeh until it reached moisture content below 5%, followed by subsequent crushing into powder using electric grinding machine. As seasoning material, the tempeh powder and overripe tempeh powder were then analyzed for their stability. Observations in chemical and microbial changes during storage were also applied to selected product during storage. Parameters observed during the research are: moisture content, protein content, acid content, total microbial count and total coliform. Oven dried overripe tempeh (S60) has higher moisture content but lower in acid content, total microbial count and total coliform compared to freeze dried overripe tempeh (SFD).

Effects of aligned magneticfield and radiation on the flow of ferrofluids over a flat plate with non-uniform heat source/sink Sandeep N; Raju CSK; Sulochana C; Sugunamma V
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 8, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

In this study we analyzed the influence of radiation and aligned magneticfield on the flow of ferrofluids over a flat plate in presence of non-uniform heat source/sink and slip velocity. We considered Fe3O4 magnetic nano particles embedded within the two types of base fluids namely water and kerosene. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and solved numerically using bvp5c Matlab package. The effects of dimensionless quantities on the flow and temperature profiles along with the friction factor and Nusselt number is discussed and presented through graphs and tables. It is found that present results have an excellent agreement with the existed studies under some special assumptions. Results indicate that a raise in the aligned angle enhances the skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate.

Sensitization of Xanthophylls-Chlorophyllin Mixtures on Titania Solar Cells Indriana Kartini; L. Dwitasari; T. D. Wahyuningsih; Chotimah Chotimah; L. Wang
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 8, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Co-sensitization of natural dyes on TiO2 for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was proposed between chlorophyllin (C) and xanthophylls (X at various volume ratios of C/X. Chlorophyllin is chlorophyll derivative providing -COOH groups essential for binding to TiO2. The chlorophyll was extracted from dried spinach (amaranthus viridis) leaves in a mixture of methanol-acetone (70%:30%). Chlorophyll extract dye was obtained after partition of the crude extracts in diethyl ether solution. Then, it was hydrolyzed under alkaline condition to get chlorophyllin. Xanthophyll was extracted from fresh petal of chrysanthemum (chrysanthemum indicum) flowers. Blending of chlorophyllin and xanthophyll was carried out at various volume ratios of C to X (1:0, 5:1, 1:1, 1:5, 0:1). Titania solar cells were constructed in sandwich system of conducting glass-titania/dyes as the photoanode and conducting glass-platinum as the photocathode. Electrolyte solution containing I-/I3- was inserted between the electrodes by capillary action. All dye extracts and blending solutions were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It is shown that the absorption spectra of blending dyes are complimentary in the visible region resulted in a panchromatic response of the dyes. From the cyclic voltammogram of the dyes and blended-dyes, it is found that the energy level of xanthophyll is the lowest. The I-V test at 100 mw/cm2 irradiation confirmed that the energy conversion efficiency (h) of the blended dyes of xanthophyll and chlorophyllin-sensitized solar cell resulted in significant improvement than those of the single dye. Beneficially, the mixed dyes can be adsorbed from solution blend using single dipping step.

Assessment of Water Quality Using Macrobenthos as Bioindicator and Its Application on Abundance-Biomass Comparison (ABC) Curves Suci Wulan Pawhestri; Jafron. W Hidayat; Sapto P Putro
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 8, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Abstract -Activities of aquaculture and industry which is directly adjacent to an aquatic environment may potentially result in increasing organic matter and causes a decreasing quality of water in it. Macrobenthos can be used as an bioindicators to detect environmental disturbances occur in the aquatic environment. This study aims to determine the level of environmental disturbance in aquatic environments using macrobenthic assemblages and their application in the abundance and biomass curves and it was compared to the values of diversity and similarity indices. Locations of this study is polyculture ponds and coastal of PT. Kayu Lapis Indonesian located in Mororejo Village, Central Java. Based on the abundance of macrobenthos results shows that in coastal area of PT. Kayu Lapis Indonesia is dominated by Cirratulidae (60%) from Polychaeta while in polyculture ponds is dominated by Potamididae (58%). Based on the abundance and biomass comparison (ABC) curves, the polyculture ponds were categorized as undisturbed area, whereas the coastal area of PT. Kayu Lapis Indonesia was categorized as moderately polluted for the second sampling time. Whilst the values of diversity (H’) and similarity (e) indices indicated low for all stations, the ABC curve of macrobetnhic assemblages is effective to demonstrate the level of environmental disturbance occurs in aquatic environments.

Initial study of Nickel Electrolyte for EnFACE Process Tri Widayatno; Sudipta Roy
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 8, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Nickel electrolyte for a micro-pattern transfer process without photolithography, EnFACE, has been developed. Previous work on copper deposition indicated that a conductivity of ~2.7 Sm-1 is required. Electrochemical parameters of electrolyte i.e. current density and overpotential are also crucial to govern a successful pattern replication. Therefore, the investigation focused on the measurement of physicochemical properties and electrochemical behaviour of the electrolyte at different nickel concentrations and complexing agents of chloride and sulfamate. Nickel electrolytes containing sulfamate, chloride and combined sulfamate-chloride with concentrations between 0.14 M and 0.3 M were investigated. Physicochemical properties i.e. pH and conductivity were measured to ensure if they were in the desired value. The electrochemical behaviour of the electrolytes was measured by polarisation experiments in a standard three-electrode cell. The working electrode was a copper disc (surface area of 0.196 cm2) and the counter electrode was platinum mesh. The potential was measured againts a saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE). The experiments were carried out at various scan rate and Rotating Disc Electrode (RDE) rotation speed to see the effect of scan rate and agitation. Based on the measured physicochemical properties, the electrolyte of 0.19 M nickel sulfamate was chosen for experimentation. Polarisation curve of agitated solution suggested that overall nickel electrodeposition reaction is controlled by a combination of kinetics and mass transfer. Reduction potential of nickel was in the range of -0.7 to -1.0 V. The corresponding current densities for nickel deposition were in the range of -0.1 to -1.5 mA cm-2.

Preparation of Natural Zeolite for Air Dehumidification in Food Drying Mohamad Djaeni; Laeli Laeli Kurniasari; Setia Budi Sasongko
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 8, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Drying with air dehumidification with solid adsorbent improves the quality of food product as well as energy efficiency. The natural zeolite is one of adsorbent having potential to adsorb the water. Normally, the material was activated to open the pore, remove the organic impurities, and increase Si/Al rate. Hence, it can enhance the adsorbing capacity. This research studied the activation of natural zeolite mined from Klaten, Indonesia as air dehumidification for food drying. Two different methods were used involving activation by heat and NaOH introduction. As indicators, the porosity and water loaded were evaluated. Results showed both methods improved the adsorbing capacity significantly. With NaOH, the adsorbing capacity was higher. The simple test in onion and corn drying showed the presence of activated natural zeolite can speed up water evaporation positively. This performance was also comparable with Zeolite 3A

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